Interstitial Annelida

Members of the following marine annelid families are found almost exclusively in interstitial environment and highly adapted to move between sand grains, relying mostly on ciliary locomotion: Apharyngtidae n. fam., Dinophilidae, Diurodrilidae, Nerillidae, Lobatocerebridae, Parergodrilidae, Polygordiidae, Protodrilidae, Protodriloididae, Psammodrilidae Saccocirridae. This article provides a review evolution, systematics, diversity these families, with exception which was detailed Orbiniida by Meca, Zhadan, Struck within this Special Issue. While several discussed have previously only been known few described species, recent surveys inclusive molecular approaches increased number showing that all aforementioned exhibit high degree cryptic shadowed limited recognizable morphological traits. is challenge for studies taxonomy, as well their identification incorporation into ecological surveys. By compiling comprehensive updated we hope promote new intriguing evolutionary histories, life forms hidden diversity.